Psychological trauma refers to an emotional overload that often interferes with an individual’s ability to adapt to normal life-stressors. For the individual who has suffered from childhood trauma, these experiences may emerge into consciousness via intrusive thoughts, body sensations or social anxiety, among other disturbances.

Adults who have sustained trauma may be emotionally reactive, i.e. they over-react. At times, they may react defensively, as though attacked. They appear irritable or submissive. Individuals may attempt to manage symptoms by using substances to lower their state of arousal. They may be triggered by loud noises, the proximity of people, bright lights, teasing by their peers, etc. They may also under-react, that is, they may shutdown or isolate themselves from others.

Co-existing conditions include addiction, eating disorders, depression, panic attacks, general anxiety disorders and dissociation. (Use of alcohol might be considered self-induced dissociation,)

Since most early psychological trauma occurs in a relational context, it is understandable that people will carry forward into adulthood fears and misgivings surrounding relationships with others.

Those who have sustained trauma, whether as an adult or during childhood, may benefit from mindfulness and assertive training. The therapist helps the individual to recall and recognize traumatizing experiences to hopefully render their memory less threatening. They learn to tolerate what had previously overwhelmed them.

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The process of revising one’s belief systems and perceptions requires courage and perseverance. I explore assumptions, anxieties and perceptions to help individuals communicate their needs, as well as their boundaries. The patient sets the pace of exploration of painful topics. I encourage them to take charge of their treatment.